In this paper, a multi-channel digital temperature acquisition system is proposed. Based on System on a Programmable Chip (SOPC) and 1-wire bus technologies, the temperature acquisition node is designed. The data acquired is transferred to the host computer through RS232 serial interface. The software on the computer analyzes and processes the received data to achieve the real-time monitoring and display of the temperature through the User Interface (UI). Programmable resolution 1-wire digital thermometer DS18B20 is adopted in this design. The acquisition node is configured by NIOS soft core CPU using Verilog HDL and C language, meanwhile, the UI on the PC is designed in Visual Basic language. The temperature sensor has an operating temperature range of −55◦ to 125◦ . The resolution of the acquisition is 0.0625◦ and the display resolution is 0.01◦ . All simulations in the design are done in Quartus and Modelsim tools. Finally, the operation of the temperature acquisition system is validated on an Altera Cyclone II series FPGA chip. The measure results are displayed on both the local LCD module of the acquisition node and the UI of the host computer. The system can also give out alarm signals when the temperature acquired exceeds the threshold set through software. Due to the use of SOPC technology, the system is of high integration, high design flexibility, small volume and low power consumption. The system can be widely used in areas such as intelligent greenhouses, temperature monitoring systems inside storehouses, equipments, or machinery, and process control systems.