In combination with the wave action balance equation, the damping model for sea waves covered by oil film of finite thickness is presented. This damping model is not only related to physical parameters of oil film, but also related to marine environment parameters. Here, we conduct parametric analyzes to understand the sensitivity of the damping model to these parameters. Numerical simulations show that kinematic viscosity, surface/interfacial elasticity, thickness, and the fractional filling factor cause more significant effects on the damping ratio than the other physical parameters of oil film. On the other hand, the influences induced by wind speed and wind direction are also remarkable. In present work, fifteen ENVISAT ASAR images, which were acquired during Gulf of Mexico oil spill accident, are used to confirm the validity of the damping model.