PhotonIcs and Electromagnetics Research Symposium,
also known as Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium
PIERS Proceedings
Published: 2015-07-09
Analogy between the Ising Model and the Polarization Switching of Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers
By
Proceedings of 2015 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Prague, July 6 - 9,Page(s)2069-2073
Abstract
Conventional vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have a cylindrical laser cavity, which provides an intrinsic two-degree of freedom to the polarization direction of the emitted light. This isotropic symmetry of polarization is usually broken by the anisotropy of the physical structure of VCSELs; for example, the anisotropy of the lattice structure, residual stress, or thermal distribution. In some VCSELs, the broken polarization symmetry conducts a polarization switching (PS) phenomenon. During this process, the VCSEL remains in a phase of emitting linearly polarized light around the laser’s threshold, and then switches to another phase of emitting orthogonally polarized light when the laser’s current surpasses a switching current. The VCSEL’s PS (VPS) can help to build some components for the high speed optical computing. Accordingly, the characteristic of VPS is an important research pursuit. Recently, VPS was reported to be a second-order phase transition (SOPT). That discovery was based on the criticalities observed in the experiments, which are the unique characteristics of SOPTs. This research attempts to explore the connection between VPS and the conventional Ising model. The said model employs the spin-up and spin-down spins to study the transition of magnetic materials from the ferromagnetic state to the paramagnetic state and identifies that transition as an SOPT. Therefore, both of the phase transitions of VPS and Ising model are SOPTs between two orthogonal states. Typical Ising model employs a two dimensional spin lattice to simulate the magnetic material. In this work, a Gaussian-distributed interaction was introduced into the center of the spin lattice to simulate the laser’s beam profile and the spatial coherence. The investigation focused on the examination of the relaxation time required to transit from the ferromagnetic state to the paramagnetic state. The simulation results present an exponent of the relaxation time of about 2.23. This result approximates the experimental result of 2.3 well, revealing a success of this model. Some other results will also be reported.
Citation
Tsu-Chiang Yen, Yueh-Chen Li, and Yu-Heng Wu, "Analogy between the Ising Model and the Polarization Switching of Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers," Proceedings of 2015 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Prague, July 6 - 9,Page(s)2069-2073
References