To let the brain be in the best condition for learning is the task faced to teachers for improving the students’ abilities of memory, attention, thinking and so on, which is also a work of great significance for improving the teaching quality. This article discusses the influence of the Baroque music on learning state from the perspective of electroencephalogram analysis. First electroencephalogram (EEG) data of the n-back experiments are collected before and after listening to the Baroque music. Then its frequency, the energy, α wave distribution, scalp, event related potential and other components are compared. Specially, the brain’s memory and attention are analyzed and estimated by extracting useful EEG information in time-domain, frequency-domain and spatial distribution. The experimental results show that Baroque music has a positive influence on improving learning efficiency. So that teachers can use Baroque music to assist teaching as reform means, which will provide an effective way to improve the learning efficiency and teaching quality.